Analysis of the reasons for low edible fungi yield
For growers, the yield of shiitake mushrooms is sometimes very low or even no harvest, which seriously affects economic income and is a huge blow to growers. What are the reasons for the low yield and failure of shiitake mushrooms?
1. Improper selection of mushroom cultivation sites. If you choose to plant in a dark, poorly ventilated or unhygienic place, the bacterial contamination will be serious and the mushrooms will not grow normally and fail. Although some can barely produce mushrooms, they are poisoned due to poor air circulation and high carbon dioxide content during the fruiting period, and cannot produce mushrooms or form deformed mushrooms.
2. Improper selection or preparation of culture materials. Planting shiitake mushrooms with contaminated and agglomerated raw materials can easily lead to large-scale contamination or failure to produce bacteria. When preparing culture materials, excessive amounts of nitrogen fertilizers such as urea are added to the materials. Nitrogen fertilizers will easily decompose and release ammonia gas after inoculation, which will poison the mycelium and prevent normal growth of bacteria.
3. Improper selection of strains. For example, choosing high-temperature varieties in winter and low-temperature varieties in spring, or sowing aged or contaminated strains, etc., can easily cause slow or no growth of bacteria, delayed or no mushrooming.
4. Poor management. Under natural temperature conditions, the management of mushroom fruiting period is light, moisture and ventilation. During the mushrooming period, scattered light can meet the needs. There is insufficient light for mushroom cultivation in the mushroom house, and mushrooming is slow. Electric light can be used to supplement the mushrooming to induce mushrooming. Air humidity is an important condition for the mushroom fruiting period. Blindly increasing the amount of water spray to increase humidity, or even spraying water directly onto the mushroom body, will suffocate some small mushrooms, and some grown mushrooms will also fester and turn black due to water damage. In addition, unreasonable harvesting also affects the increase in yield. Some mushroom farmers harvest large ones and leave small ones in the hope that the small mushrooms will continue to grow. As a result, not only do they fail to grow, but the fruiting period is also prolonged, affecting the yield of the next crop of mushrooms.
Suggestion:
1. Water spray management depends on the surface moisture of the bacteria rods to prevent mold. Spray water when the surface of the bacteria stick is slightly dry. The humidity should not be too high to avoid mold rot. Generally, after picking mushrooms in the morning, spray water and ventilate in time after spraying. Be careful not to spray on rainy days, do not spray before harvesting, and do not spray when the bacteria sticks are wet.
2. The ventilation of the mushroom shed should be flexible to prevent hypoxia. Use mushroom picking vents every day to increase fresh air. When the temperature is higher than 20℃, uncover the shed film and rear wall air vents for ventilation, and uncover them on hot and rainy days. When the temperature is higher than 25°C, remove the shed film for ventilation 2-3 times a day, for about 30 minutes each time.
3. Temperature difference stimulation should be moderate to prevent loss of control. After harvesting a tide of mushrooms to rejuvenate the mycelium, cover them tightly with an insulating quilt during the day and lift the insulating quilt at night to create a 10°C temperature difference, which promotes the formation of mushroom buds for 3-4 consecutive days. If the temperature difference is not stimulated properly, mushroom fruiting will be affected.
4. Mold should be cleaned up in time to prevent contamination. After harvesting each batch of mushrooms, use a knife to remove the moldy parts of the mushroom sticks and process them together to prevent contamination. Arrange the processed mushroom sticks on the mushroom bed, let them ventilate, dry them slightly and then moisturize them.